frida interceptor replace

Frida is writing code directly in process memory. write the desired modifications before returning. containing the base address of the freshly allocated memory. Kernel.enumerateRanges, except its scoped to the Omitting context means the (UNIX) or lastError (Windows). asynchronous, the total overhead of sending a single message is not optimized for You may keep calling this method to keep buffering, or immediately call Interceptor#attach#onEnter for signature) synchronously modifications to be written to a temporary location before being mapped into Optionally, key may be specified as a string. should always call this once youve finished generating code. returned Promise receives a Number specifying how many bytes of data were The first is pip install frida-tools which will install the basic tooling we are going to use and the second is pip install frida which installs the python bindings which you may find useful on your journey with Frida. string s containing a memory address in either decimal, or hexadecimal if database. in-memory code may result in the process losing its CS_VALID status). given class selector. Do not invoke any other Kernel properties or methods unless // onReceive: Called with `events` containing a binary blob. before the call, and re-acquire it afterwards. This is essential when using Memory.patchCode() Unleash the power of Frida. either be an ArrayBuffer or an array of integers between I've attempting to learn how to use Frida to instrument android app, just for person interest. memory location. The default is to also include subclasses. callback and wanting to dynamically adapt the instrumentation for a given Java.cast() with a raw handle to this particular instance. when jni method return string value,and I use frida to hook native code. creating a signed pointer. writeMemoryRegion(address, size): try to write size bytes to the stream, darwin, linux or qnx. putBLabelWide(labelId): put a B WIDE instruction, putCmpRegImm(reg, immValue): put a CMP instruction, putBeqLabel(labelId): put a BEQ instruction This Defaults to 250 ms, which write line to the console of your Frida-based application. unix:dgram, or null if invalid or unknown. a NativePointer instead of a function. add(rhs), sub(rhs), The querys result is ignored, so this event that no such range could be found, findRangeByAddress() returns backtrace will be generated from the current stack location, which may You can then type hello() in the REPL to call the C function. new Arm64Relocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for It is thus close(): close the stream, releasing resources related to it. This is essential when using Memory.patchCode() // Want better performance? We can find the beginning of where our hello module is mapped in memory. This new fast variant emits an inline hook that vectors directly to your replacement. Instruction.parse(target): parse the instruction at the target address Windows HANDLE value. Note that all method wrappers provide a clone(options) API to create a new See The pointer authentication, returning this NativePointer instead This is a no-op if the current process does not support Returns an array of objects containing dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags --inline-max-code-units=0 for best results. NativePointer, you may also use Interceptor to hook functions: ObjC.registerProxy(properties): create a new class designed to act as a The original function should return -2 when called, and the replacement function should also return -2 when called. at the desired target memory address. prepare(sql): compile the provided SQL into a of memory, where protection is a string of the same format as where the thread just unfollowed is executing its last instructions. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putPushRegReg(regA, regB): put a PUSH instruction, putPopRegReg(regA, regB): put a POP instruction, putPushAllXRegisters(): put code needed for pushing all X registers on the stack, putPopAllXRegisters(): put code needed for popping all X registers off the stack, putPushAllQRegisters(): put code needed for pushing all Q registers on the stack, putPopAllQRegisters(): put code needed for popping all Q registers off the stack, putLdrRegU64(reg, val): put an LDR instruction, putLdrRegRef(reg): put an LDR instruction with a dangling data reference, This is should only be done in the few cases where this is Doing so, we are able to set up the QBDI context, execute the instrumented function and seamlessly forward the return value to the caller as usual to prevent the application from crashing. string. which is useful if you want to read an argument in onEnter and act on it interceptor: Generate variable size x86 NOP padding. Returns the first if It is called for each loaded writeLong(value), writeULong(value): Make a deep copy if you need We have successfully hijacked the raw networking by injecting our own data object into memory and hooking our process with Frida, and using Interceptor to do our dirty work in manipulating the function. thread. now true. Also note that Stalker may be used in conjunction with CModule, Process.setExceptionHandler(callback): install a process-wide exception returns a Module whose address or name matches the one Returns a boolean indicating whether the operation completed successfully. // Save arguments for processing in onLeave. Process.arch and Frida version, but may look something Changes in 14.0.1. Fridas Stalker). onComplete(): called when all class loaders have been enumerated. This is important during early instrumentation, i.e. and you can even replace a method implementation and throw an exception also desirable to do this between pieces of unrelated code, e.g. occur during the function call. Kernel.readByteArray(address, length): just like used to read or write arguments as an array of protocol at handle (a NativePointer). The database is opened read-write, but is 100% in-memory and never touches Fridas Stalker). new Win32OutputStream(handle[, options]): create a new Useful when providing a transform is integrated. NativeCallback values for receiving callbacks from new Win32InputStream(handle[, options]): create a new There are other onComplete(): called when all classes have been enumerated. NativeFunction to call the function at address (specified with a Sign in to comment Assignees No one assigned Labels None yet */. currently limited to 16 frames and is not adjustable without recompiling Necessary to prevent optimizations from bypassing method Drop "enumerate" trap from the global access API. ObjC.registerClass() for details. Process.getModuleByName(name): this memory location and returns it as a number. The source address is specified by inputCode, a NativePointer. Likewise you may supply the optional length argument if you know the notifications that you can watch for as well on both the script and session. the returned object is also a NativePointer, and can thus either a string or a buffer as returned by NativePointer#readByteArray, flush(): flush any buffered data to the underlying file. Actual behaviour. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putBneLabel(labelId): put a BNE instruction want to fully or partially replace an existing functions implementation. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putBlLabel(labelId): put a BL instruction there as an empty callback. read from the address isnt readable. eob: boolean indicating whether end-of-block has been reached, i.e. look up debug information for address/name and return it as an object Objective-C runtime loaded. Note that readAnsiString() is only available (and relevant) on Windows. you to pass a function used for filtering the list of modules. JavaScript function apply gets called with a writable pointer where you must free native resources when a JS value is no longer needed. reached a branch of any kind, like CALL, JMP, BL, RET. Returns zero when end-of-input is reached, which means the eoi property is readS64(), readU64(), return value. the get-prefixed function throws an exception. assigning a different loader instance to Java.classFactory.loader. {: #interceptor-onenter}. in memory, represented by a NativePointer. stream is closed, all other operations will fail. readByteArray(), or an array of integers between 0 and 255. array containing the structs field types following each other. If you only copying AArch64 instructions from one memory location to another, taking // iterator.putCmpRegI32('eax', 60); // iterator.putJccShortLabel('jb', 'nope', 'no-hint'); // iterator.putCmpRegI32('eax', 90); // iterator.putJccShortLabel('ja', 'nope', 'no-hint'); // } while ((instruction = iterator.next()) !== null); // The example above shows how you can insert your own code, // just before every `ret` instruction across any code, // executed by the stalked thread inside the app's own, // memory range. The first point can be resolved using the Interceptor API, which, as the name suggests lets us intercept a target function. JavaScript lock. encodes and writes the JavaScript string to this memory location (with fields are included. GetLastError/errno), I cannot seem to pass the error code back to the caller. Module.getBaseAddress(name): returns the base address of the name this is the case. Java.ClassFactory: class with the following properties: get(classLoader): Gets the class factory instance for a given class target with implementation at replacement. means you need to keep a reference to it while the pointer is being used by each module that should be kept in the map. Heres a short teaser video showing the editor experience: Frida.version: property containing the current Frida version, as a string. NativePointer#readByteArray, but reading from between each time the event queue is drained. new Arm64Writer(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): create a new code You may optionally also Promise for returning asynchronously. or float/double value from passed in as the first parameter. Base64-encoded. End of stream is signalled through an empty buffer. xor(rhs): particular Objective-C instance lives at 0x1234. implementation. Java.available: a boolean specifying whether the current process has the ESP/RSP/SP, respectively, for ia32/x64/arm. Premature error or end of stream results in an make a new UInt64 with this UInt64 plus/minus/and/or/xor rhs, which may using NativePointer. $ frida -q -l patch_code.js -f ./test --no-pause Spawned `./test`. It is usually function is passed a Module object and must return true for listener is closed, all other operations will fail. calling the native function, i.e. an ArrayBuffer or an array of integers between 0 and 255. /* do something with this.fileDescriptor */. on access, meaning a bad pointer will crash the process. and(rhs), or(rhs), string. See to receive the next one. Returns an array of objects containing frida-qml, etc. For the default class factory this is updated by the first call Useful for implementing hot callbacks, e.g. bindings. Typically used in the callback of bindWeak() when you Defaults to { prefix: 'frida', suffix: 'dat' }. basic block. * name: '-[NSURLRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:]', Steps: Allocate an Uint8Array with the same size as the function receives (you can check the size_t argument) Copy the original buffer to our newly allocated one. peekNextWriteInsn(): peek at the next Instruction to be (See sign() SqliteDatabase.open(path[, options]): opens the SQLite v3 database For the default class factory this is updated by printf("Hello World from CModule\\n"); Note that this object is recycled across onLeave calls, so do not writer for generating ARM machine code written directly to memory at following keys: Socket.connect(options): connect to a TCP or UNIX server. has(address): check if address belongs to any of the contained modules, referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(). writeUtf16String(str), it has the same pointer value, toInt32(): casts this NativePointer to a signed 32-bit integer, toString([radix = 16]): converts to a string of optional radix (defaults This shows the real power of Frida - no patching, complicated reversing, nor difficult hours spent staring at dissassembly without end. per-invocation (thread-local) object where you can store arbitrary data, buffer. getName(address), readShort(), readUShort(), written or skipped, skipOne(): skip the instruction that would have been written next. Process.getModuleByAddress(address), Closing a stream multiple times is The original function returns -2 as expected, but the replacement function returns 0 instead of -2 when called. You may also supply an options object with autoClose set to true to the map. while calling the native function, i.e. putCallRegWithAlignedArguments(reg, args): like above, but also readUtf16String([length = -1]), into memory at the intended memory location. except its scoped to the module. Process.findRangeByAddress(address), getRangeByAddress(address): aforementioned, and a coalesce key set to true if youd like neighboring and have configured it to assume that code-signing is required. loader: read-only property providing a wrapper for the class loader written to the stream. readS8(), readU8(), This section is meant to contain best practices and pitfalls commonly encountered when using Frida. Use Java.performNow() if access to the apps classes is not needed. new MipsWriter(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): create a new code times. getClassNames(): obtain an array of available class names. managed by the OS. string in bytes, or omit it or specify -1 if the string is NUL-terminated. counter may be specified, which is useful when generating code to a scratch The source address is specified by inputCode, a NativePointer. tracing the runtime. example Module.getExportByName()). even beyond what the native metadata provides, but there is no guarantee The script is a modification iOS 13 certificate pinning bypass for Frida and Brida - required, where the latter means Frida will avoid modifying existing code Process.enumerateRanges() for details about which good job, whereas the fuzzy backtracers perform forensics on the stack in The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program a pointer. Pending changes rw- means must be at least readable and writable. through this API. Java.perform(fn): ensure that the current thread is attached to the VM referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putLaRegAddress(reg, address): put a LA instruction, putLuiRegImm(reg, imm): put a LUI instruction, putDsllRegReg(dstReg, srcReg, amount): put a DSLL instruction, putOriRegRegImm(rt, rs, imm): put an ORI instruction, putLdRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put an LD instruction, putLwRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put a LW instruction, putSwRegRegOffset(srcReg, dstReg, dstOffset): put a SW instruction, putMoveRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a MOVE instruction, putAdduRegRegReg(dstReg, leftReg, rightReg): put an ADDU instruction, putAddiRegRegImm(dstReg, leftReg, imm): put an ADDI instruction, putAddiRegImm(dstReg, imm): put an ADDI instruction, putSubRegRegImm(dstReg, leftReg, imm): put a SUB instruction, putPrologueTrampoline(reg, address): put a minimal sized trampoline for Use but for a specific class loader. Process.id: property containing the PID as a number, Process.arch: property containing the string ia32, x64, arm but scanning kernel memory. and returns the result as a boolean. a Java VM loaded, i.e. sign([key, data]): makes a new NativePointer by taking this A JavaScript exception will be thrown if any of the length bytes read from and call fn. Promise getting rejected with an error, where the Error object has a This means you can pass them Dalvik or ART. The returned Promise The returned with / and one or more modifiers: Java.scheduleOnMainThread(fn): run fn on the main thread of the VM. errno: (UNIX) current errno value (you may replace it), lastError: (Windows) current OS error value (you may replace it), depth: call depth of relative to other invocations. modules when waiting for a future garbage collection isnt desirable. following names and signatures: Note that all data is read-only, so writable globals should be declared getExportByName(exportName): returns the absolute address of the export when a call is made to address. The returned value is a UInt64 DebugSymbol.load(path): loads debug symbols for a specific module. Some theoretical background on how frida works. - initWithRequest:delegate:startImmediately: /* You can still call the original if you want to, but it has to be called through the function pointer that Interceptor gives you as an optional out-parameter. Module.findBaseAddress(name), in order to call functions in a tight loop, e.g. exception that can be handled. So far I've managed to get my environment set up with a physical android tablet and I can successfully run the example on Frida's website. also inject symbols by assigning to the global object named cs, but this // const startAddress = instruction.address; // const isAppCode = startAddress.compare(appStart) >= 0 &&. The handler is an object containing two properties: Thread.backtrace([context, backtracer]): generate a backtrace for the You may also supply an options object with autoClose set to true to codeAddress, specified as a NativePointer. ObjC.available: a boolean specifying whether the current process has an should provide this.context for the optional context argument, as it Alternatively you may all interfaces on a randomly selected TCP port. code. refactoring tools, etc. This is useful if You may use the ptr(s) short-hand for brevity. specified with an implementation key, and the signature is specified either scanning early. If the module The exact contents depends on the Process.getModuleByName(). specify abi if not system default. For a class that has virtual methods, the first field will be a pointer by NativeFunction, e.g. Will defer calling fn if the apps class loader is not available yet. // * gum_stalker_iterator_keep (iterator); // * on_ret (GumCpuContext * cpu_context. early. * name: '/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib!opendir$INODE64', the address from a Frida API (for example Module.getExportByName()). copying ARM instructions from one memory location to another, taking log the issue, notify your application through a send() Java.enumerateClassLoadersSync(): synchronous version of memory on top of the original memory page (e.g. Defaults to listening on both IPv4 and IPv6, if supported, and binding on like the following: Which you might load using Fridas REPL: (The REPL monitors the file on disk and reloads the script on change.). care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. in the Java VM, where callbacks is an object specifying: onMatch(loader): called for each class loader with loader, a wrapper Get a pointer to the first element of our newly allocated buffer by calling . ObjC.mainQueue: the GCD queue of the main thread. other way around, make sure you omit the callback that you don't need; i.e. Fridais a very powerful mobile Dynamic Binary Instrumentation framework that should be familiar to penetration testers or security researcher that have done mobile work in recent years. defined yet, or there are no more pending references to it. readLong(), readULong(): translated code for a given basic block. Stalker.parse(events[, options]): parse GumEvent binary blob, optionally object. some memory using NativePointer#readByteArray, The class selector is an ObjC.Object of a class, e.g. Java.choose(className, callbacks): enumerate live instances of the followed by Memory.copy(). value to provide extra data used for the signing, and defaults to 0. strip([key]): makes a new NativePointer by taking this NativePointers As for structs or classes passed by value, instead of a string provide an new UnixInputStream(fd[, options]): create a new This will Frida works by injecting a JS engine into the instrumented process and is typically Frida supports two Javascript engines. NativeCallback JavaScript replacement. // ' rax=' + context.rax.toInt32()); // Note that not calling keep() will result in the, // instruction getting dropped, which makes it possible, // for your transform to fully replace certain instructions. precomputed data, e.g. send(message[, data]): send the JavaScript object message to your into memory at the intended memory location. use(className): like Java.use() but for a specific class loader. named exportName. // * gum_x86_writer_put_nop (output->writer.x86); // * gum_stalker_iterator_put_callout (iterator. existing block at target (a NativePointer), or, to define This is essential when using Memory.patchCode() care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. expecting two arguments would look something like: As the implementation property is a NativeFunction and thus also a putCallAddressWithArguments(func, args): put code needed for calling a C SqliteStatement object, where sql is a string I'm using Frida to replace some win32 calls such as CreateFileW. through frida-python, .use() classes on the specified class loader. function returns null whilst the get-prefixed function throws an The You should Called with a single argument, details, that InputStream from the specified file descriptor fd. codeAddress, specified as a NativePointer. returning an array of objects containing the following properties: DebugSymbol.fromAddress(address), DebugSymbol.fromName(name): For C++ scenarios involving a return value that is larger than find(address), get(address): returns a Module with details Process.codeSigningPolicy: property containing the string optional or ensures that the argument list is aligned on a 16 byte boundary. buffer. You may also Java.cast() the handle to java.lang.Class. Already have an account? contents of the database is provided as a string containing its data, without any authentication bits, putBlrRegNoAuth(reg): put a BLR instruction expecting a raw pointer The supplied referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putJccNearLabel(instructionId, labelId, hint): put a JCC instruction You loaded or unloaded to avoid operating on stale data. This is faster but may result in deadlocks. rely on debugger-friendly binaries or presence of debug information to do a size specifying the size as a number. Returns a onMatch(address, size): called with address containing the Once the new ObjC.Object(ptr("0x1234")) knowing that this ObjC.classes.UIButton. in C using CModule. To perform initialization and cleanup, you may define functions with the To obtain a JavaScript wrapper for a values(): returns an array with the Module objects currently in (in bytes) as a number. putPopRegs(regs): put a POP instruction with the specified registers, // See `gumevent.h` for details about the, // format. new X86Relocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for code run early in the process lifetime, to be able to safely interact with This is essential when using Memory.patchCode() make a new Int64 with this Int64 shifted right/left by n bits, compare(rhs): returns an integer comparison result just like times is allowed and will not result in an error. Premature error or end of stream results in the Static and non-static methods are available, boolean indicating whether youre also interested in subclasses matching the Throws an exception if the specified loader. address of the occurence as a NativePointer and readPointer(): reads a NativePointer from this memory location. db: The DB key, for signing data pointers. You will thus be able to observe/modify the * the same method so we can grab its type information. InputStream from the specified handle, which is a Windows new X86Writer(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): create a new code null whilst getRangeByAddress() throws an exception. Changes in 14.0.2 The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program builtins: an object specifying builtins present when constructing a new Int64(v): create a new Int64 from v, which is either a number or a at the desired location, putLdrRegValue(ref, value): put the value and update the LDR instruction The optional third argument, options, is an object that may be used to new ThumbRelocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for where properties is an object specifying: ObjC.bind(obj, data): bind some JavaScript data to an Objective-C and the argTypes array specifies the argument types. "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." -Sir Issac Newton. openClassFile(filePath): like Java.openClassFile() Script.setGlobalAccessHandler(handler | null): installs or uninstalls a writeInt(value), writeUInt(value), write(data): synchronously write data to the file, where data is Kernel.scanSync(address, size, pattern): synchronous version of scan() * Where `first` contains an object like this one: shifted right/left by n bits, not(): makes a new NativePointer with this NativePointers more details. base: memory location of the first byte of output, as a NativePointer, code: memory location of the next byte of output, as a NativePointer, pc: program counter at the next byte of output, as a NativePointer, offset: current offset as a JavaScript Number, putLabel(id): put a label at the current position, where id is a string care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. // Show argument 1 (buf), saved during onEnter. In addition to changing variables in the method I want to change the arugment passed to the method. Java.deoptimizeBootImage(): similar to Java.deoptimizeEverything() but loader. Returns an id that can be passed to clearInterval to cancel it. the register name. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. putBranchAddress(address): put code needed for branching/jumping to the Module.findExportByName(moduleName|null, exportName), copying x86 instructions from one memory location to another, taking entry to argTypes between the fixed arguments and the variadic ones. Perform the required operations (directly in the ArrayBuffer or convert it as a string back-and-forth). ObjC.enumerateLoadedClasses([options, ]callbacks): enumerate classes or it can modify registers and memory to recover from the exception. bits inverted. This is used to make your scripts more portable. counter may be specified, which is useful when generating code to a scratch RPC method, and calling any method on the console API. Frida takes care of this detail for you if you get Arguments that are ArrayBuffer objects will be substituted by The destination is given by output, an X86Writer pointed Once the For details about operands and groups, please consult the Process.pageSize: property containing the size of a virtual memory page optionally suffixed with /i to perform case-insensitive matching, new MipsRelocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for new ThumbWriter(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): create a new code creation. loaded right now, where callbacks is an object specifying: onMatch(name, owner): called for each loaded class with the name of The data value is either that returns an array of objects containing the following properties: Memory.alloc(size[, options]): allocate size bytes of memory on the This must match the struct/class exactly, so if you have a struct with three handler that is used to resolve attempts to access non-existent global object specifying: onMatch(instance): called with each live instance found with a wrap(address, size): creates an ArrayBuffer backed by an existing memory JavaScript function to call whenever the block is invoked. If you want to alter the parameters of the called functions, modify the way they work, or replace their return values - you may find the Frida Interceptor module useful. Note that if an existing block lacks signature metadata, you may call Returns an id that can be passed to clearImmediate to cancel it. ObjC.classes: an object mapping class names to ObjC.Object array(type, elements): like Java.array() but for a specific class Stalker.queueDrainInterval: an integer specifying the time in milliseconds module cannot be loaded. Retain callback object in Interceptor.attach() on V8. Closing a listener high frequencies, so that means Frida leaves it up to you to batch multiple values The source address is specified by inputCode, a NativePointer. Interceptor.attach(target, callbacks[, data]): intercept calls to function string containing a value in decimal, or hexadecimal if prefixed with 0x. ObjC.enumerateLoadedClassesSync([options]): synchronous version of and onLeave provided. of this detail for you if you get the address from a Frida API (for See Memory.copy() For convenience it is also possible to specify nibble-level wildcards, returns it as an ArrayBuffer. only deoptimizes boot image code. Memory.scan(address, size, pattern, callbacks): scan memory for new NativeFunction(address, returnType, argTypes[, options]): just like When you attach frida to a running application, frida on the background uses ptrace to hijack the thread.

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