this opportunity (direct object of action expressed in gerund). It encourages people to take actions that make their dreams possible. They answer comprehension questions and write sentences about themselves using gerunds and infinitives. Using stories is so useful. However, some video gamers have made their hobby into a career! Gerunds (pronounced jer-unds) are verbs that end in -ing but function as nouns. These can be real jobs, or students can use their imaginations to create entirely new jobs. 3. (The gerund has been removed), My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. 4 Indirect object: My sister gave biking a try. Next, have the students write down a table like the one above with their own plan for the future. What do you enjoy ___________ (do) in your free time? 1. Fling this rule away, wherever you heard or misheard it. Have you decided _________________ (do) anything special this weekend? Im afraid to speak English with new people, so I do not improve quickly. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Next, on the board write the word E-Sports. Do you prefer ___________ (watch) movies to ___________ (read) books? Part One includes a homework assignment for the students to research a country. 2. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. Example. Do not use an initial gerund in such sentences. Toconduct itin full, first explain to your students that they will be asking each other questions that contain verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives. Conclude this portion of the activity by asking the students to share their plans with the entire class. Other kinds of punctuation may be needed for the newly combined sentence. Being married will not make me happy. He decided _________________ (go) on a diet. He promised to be home by 10 p.m. Living in an English-speaking environment, you would quickly realize that there is no proscription against it, as it is natural in speech as well. Identify the gerunds and infinitives in the second paragraph, The first paragraph uses second person (you) It uses one modal, "should," and the imperative voice. The writing should be large enough to see from a distance. 7. With hard work and lots of practice, players can turn their love of video games into an exciting career as a professional athlete or as an entertaining streamer. My job is to draw blood from patients at the hospital. Which has a gerund as the object of a preposition? 5. :). After the Group B students have visited several countries, have the groups switch roles. This lesson is available as a slide presentation. A streamer earns money through advertisements, so the more people who watch, the more money a streamer can earn from his or her channel. Our confidence began to disappear. 3. I run a Conversation Club in Quito, Ecuador. After students have had the opportunity to do their research homework, begin the class by having students present their homework. What a great resource for teaching this tough subject. Describe your favorite memory from your childhood. Now he exercises every day and he looks better. (I remember verb+ing), What is something that you often think about? He decided to go on a diet. Language Focus: Verbs followed by gerunds and/or infinitives, English Level: Intermediate, upper-Intermediate. Launch Tasks. Print enough copies so that half of the students have a job title card and half the students have a job description card. Interesting activities. He rememberedto bring his passport at least. Have the students move around the classroom and match the job descriptions to the correct job title card. It may seem easy to broadcast yourself playing games on the internet, but the life of a streamer can be difficult. For most players, video games are a fun hobby _______________ (enjoy) with friends. "Living in Costa Rica also gave me the opportunity to interact with the local population." Note: For advanced classes, have students share their partners unique job in order to practice using reported speech. "Becoming colder by the second, we hurried to the refuge.". Now they refuse to speak to each other. He also really likes __________. Give the students time to read through the sentences written on the board. Gerunds happen when you try to fancy up the prose or dialogue. I use a story (see samples below) as a springboard into my lesson. Video gaming as a professional sport, or e-sports, is the fastest growing sporting event in the world. (Direct object) In the first sentence, the verb is "wants" and the infinitive is "to work", In the second sentence, the verb is "is" and the infinitive is "to listen", Making your writing more formal and academic. 3. Print out copies of the Unique Jobs cards in Appendix 1. And the verb 'to shampoo' is from the Indian/Hindi verb, 'champo/champna', to knead or press with the hands, to wash the hair. My friend Bernardo enjoys cooking. 3. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. But one month ago, his girlfriend told him __________ weight, so he decided __________ a gym. All ages. Video gaming has become a big business, with many professional gaming teams, university teams, and national teams competing in global video game tournaments. Thank you for sharing. An infinitive is formed with "to" and the base form of the verb. What activity have you tried and failed to do? If you were married, what would you promise ___________ (do) for your partner? An optional approach is to have students form pairs or small groups and work together to fill out the information. When is it acceptable to start a sentence with an "-ing" word? 6. Finally, when they got inside the airport, Bernardo realized that he had forgotten _____________ clothes. Have the students skim the reading for any unfamiliar vocabulary terms, and provide them time to ask about any new vocabulary words. Speaking, reading (primary focus); listening, writing (secondary focus), Activity Part One: dreaming of the future. The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for. It is a verbal noun; its functions in a sentence are the same as that of a noun. When I was a kid, I wanted to be a basketball player. For each paragraph, students should decide if a gerund or an infinitive is the correct form of the verb. 9. Purdue OWL is a registered trademark. Verb Focus: love, start/stop, remember, forget, try. (wrong detest doing), When is someone old enough to get married? 2 Subject complement: My preferred commuting method is biking. Some people also express gratitude by praying or meditating. What do you hope to do next year? Please contact me on my whats app: +593-991480533 Thanks so much. He agreed __________________ healthily. 3 Direct object: I love biking. If students are likely to all pick the same country or similar countries, you can have students draw the names of countries out of a hat or box to ensure students all pick different countries. Teresa's boyfriend Bernardo is gaining weight. What should you do to overcome the obstacle? Print the Travel Notes in Appendix 1. A streamer earns money through advertisements, so the more people who watch, the more money a streamer can earn from his or her channel. 1. Study these two sentences. The stories are great! This was difficult for him because he enjoyed _________________ (eat) chocolate and he preferred _________________ (drink) beer to Diet Coke! Yoko want/go/abroad. We should always try to keep a positive attitude and expect the best outcomes. The Group A students should answer the questions and provide the information they wrote down in the travel notes for homework. They include the adjective + gerund & preposition + gerundpattern. Thank you do much. Whenever it gives an idea voice. One month ago, my friend Bernardo decided _________________ (lose) some weight. Doctors use these blood samples to understand why a patient is ill. My job is to act in movies when a scene is too dangerous for a movie star. But he had a problem. In English, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a gerund or an infinitive. his constituents (direct object of action expressed in gerund). For example, 'She likes playing the guitar .'. Yes, this is very helpful. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. What/you/look forward to/do/this weekend? The gerund functions as the subject of the sentence and therefore as a noun: Remember the trick to finding the subject of a sentence is by asking the question, what? Great material! Their job is to listen to the question and indicate if it's correct or incorrect. After a few minutes, she decided _________ him in. As students get out their homework, give each student a blank sheet of paper to use as a sign. Once the students are finished, have them form pairs or small groups and review their answers together. 6. studying. 6. The verb is "is." After a month, he had lost a few pounds. Other video gamers have become Internet celebrities through recording themselves playing video games and broadcasting the videos. Gerunds and Infinitives - Doing What Noun Phrases Do Here is a brief review of the differences between gerunds and infinitives. Explain to the students that for homework they should research another country and fill in the information on the sheet about that country. (I enjoyed playing), What do you remember doing with your friends after school? Great ideas! Thank you very much for sharing. Where will they live? One of the easiest ways to correct them is to remove the period between the fragment and the main clause. (I was happy to share). Begin this activity by dividing the class into two groups: group A and group B. Having to get up early wont bother me at all. The exercises are great ! Typically, the two most common formats are known as block and point-by-point. Living in an English-speaking environment, you would quickly realize that there is no proscription against it, as it is natural in speech as well. If a pair has different answers for a blank, encourage them to discuss and decide which answer is the correct one. Give them the example of "I want to go" vs. "I enjoy going". Put your students in pairs, and let them give it a try. the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed in gerund). Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. If I want to be a location scout, I need to study English and geography. The second paragraph is more developed. For most players, video games are a fun hobby to enjoy with friends. Why? A streamers job is _______________ (play) video games online and broadcast the gameplay on his or her channel for others _______________ (watch). He hesitated to go in, but he finally did. Beginning, middle, or end of a paragraph; gerund, participle, or simply a word with that particular spelling it does not matter. I have highlighted the gerunds and infinitives so you can see how they are used in context. This is a true story about me. The difference in the form of gerunds and infinitives is quite clear just from comparing the following lists: Gerunds: swimming, hoping, telling, eating, dreaming. Conclude this portion of the activity by having students share the information they learned about the country they most want to visit. to swim For some, either the gerund or infinitive is possible. What is something fun that have you decided ___________ (do) recently? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Topic sentences, also known as "paragraph leaders," introduce the main idea that the paragraph is about. Matthew Barton / Creator of Englishcurrent.com. Directions: Cut out the job and job description cards below. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. . 50 Examples of Gerunds, Definition and Example Sentences, Examples of Gerunds, Gerund Phrases, Definition and Example Sentences, The Gerund, Detailed Expressions and Example Sentences, Sentences with Navigate, Navigate in a Sentence in English, Sentences For Navigate, Sentences with Narrate, Narrate in a Sentence in English, Sentences For Narrate, Sentences with Naive, Naive in a Sentence in English, Sentences For Naive, Sentences with Mute, Mute in a Sentence in English, Sentences For Mute, Sentences with Murmur, Murmur in a Sentence in English, Sentences For Murmur. Then each group can share their ideas with the class. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Quick Tips on Gerunds vs. Infinitives in English. Gerund phrases can be used as a subject in a sentence. a. Third, it helps to be optimistic. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root plus ing (a present participle). During this exercise have students in Group B ask questions to students in Group A about their country. Why? After a month, he had lost a few pounds. 5. Ask them what kinds of video games they play and what they enjoy about video games. Gerunds are formed by adding "ing" to a verb. To conclude this activity, have the students come to the front of the class and share their sentences. So after arriving in Honolulu, his family had to stopto buy some clothes for him. It`s an excellent explanation of boring grammar rules: the students liked it. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Seeing what you did there, I have written a comment noting this fact. Group B: Have the students in Group B move around the room and look at the country signs. 5. Appendix 1: WOOP Verbs and Adjectives List. 1. It was such an intense moment. Finally, when they got inside the airport, Bernardo realized that he had forgottento pack clothes. In this case the English word 'shampoo' means 'the soap for shampooing'.' What do your parents often tell you ___________ (do)? He stopped _________________ (eat) fast food and started _________________ (buy) more fruit and vegetables. Afterwards, if I'm teaching a 1.5 hour lesson, I usually begin mymore formal lesson with a controlled worksheet, and then a semi-controlled speaking activity (e.g. On the day he and his family were going to depart, there was a big snowstorm. What were the poems other than those by Donne in the Melford Hall manuscript? We're talking about going on vacation next month. (From time to time, I think about), What's an activity that you stopped doing at some point in your life? Hosted by Dreamhost . My job is to study the formation and activity of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. Cut out the Unique Jobs cards to make a stack of job title cards and job description cards. (wrong keep on driving), What is something you miss doing? This question appears to be off-topic because it is based on a non-existent rule of grammar. you (indirect object of action expressed in gerund) (correct), What chore do you detest to do the most? It helps us a lot. 1. I would love to share with you some ideas. And the more interesting the story is, the more likely they are to remember it. Talk to yourself or type your answers in the comments. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. Two ways video games are becoming a profession are through competitive sport or by live-streaming video games over the Internet. A gerund phrase is a gerund plus another element such as an adverb, an adjective, or a noun. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. As students share their answers in pairs or small groups to the question, write on the board the following: What do you do now that keeps you from doing it? However, they would never consider starting from our house. These verbals are important in phrases. The goal of this portion of the activity is to introduce students to jobs they may not know while practicing reading infinitive verbs. Why would it be unacceptable? What are you looking forward to doing tomorrow. As a quick review, ask the students where the infinitive verbs are in the sentences above (Teachers could also ask students to idenitify gerunds here, though not the focus of this activity). Let me know in the comments. Review infinitives while making future plans, Practice speaking skills by discussing their wishes for the future. In this case you can see that it is a form and development of the verb '. I suggested _________________ (join) a gym. The present participle of a verb, and that is used with the verb 'to be', also ends with -ing but is not a gerund. 7. Naturally, she got angry. This week we will conclude our gerund and infinitives activities by practicing giving and receiving travel advice. Which paragraph is better? For the gerund and infinitive exercises below you have to decide if you need the gerund: verb + ing e.g. The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, manages this site. Maybe it's leading to more passive voice and the criticism is that? 2. This time, Group B presents their countries information, and the students in Group A visit the countries. jabbering away to (gerund) Just to answer the curiosity of Conan776, which might be a little late Portuguese doesn't have such a rule, but in many situations we do need to avoid it. Have the class keep making matches until they have them all correct, or as long as time permits. I can't understand. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun. Thank you so much! Therefore, a gerund can be easily spotted in a sentence since it takes the function of a subject. And thank you very much for sharing it! This is about writing style and readability. For example, 'I like reading', 'he likes cooking', etc. Hiking is one of his favorite activities. B: I'm sorry. Or can I re-write the sentence like this: "Additionally, living in Costa Rica also gave me the opportunity to interact with the local population.". What habit do you have that you'd like to stop _________________ (do) ? Give each student in group A one job title card. I want to travel around the world, so it would be a great job for me. 5. Sure, I was tall, but I couldn't compete! She noticed that sometimes he would smell like hamburgers. Answer Key . What are the infinitives? Tell the students that today they will make plans for the future using WOOP. Naturally, she got angry. After he finishes college, he wants to work as a geologist. To keep people watching, the streamer must play a video game while _______________ (entertain) the audience watching. Note that it also has a few questions with adjectives/adverbs. 10+ Paragraph Writing Examples in PDF. Very helpful lesson plan and activities! This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. The second paragraph uses first person plural (we) and third person plural (they). Is it wrong to start sentences with "in which case"? In the airport parking lot, his father actually hit another car. What does "up to" mean in "is first up to launch"? The gerund ends in -ing and functions as a noun.. The teacher was right. Encourage students to use the verbs and adjectives in their sentences. Using the sentences on the board as an example, have the students write their own sentences about the unique job they find the most interesting. In particular, he'll never forgetvisiting Hawaii in 2010. . 7. (The gerund has been removed.). What job will they have? She started to suspect that he had broken his promise to eat well. They keep verb-like qualities, such as using adverbs or taking objects. 8. It only takes a minute to sign up. What in life do you prefer_________________(do) to sleeping? THANK YOU. b. Be grateful. While students work on their ideas, pass out the verbs and adjectives list found in Appendix 1. A verb morphed into a noun, the gerund can cause quite a stir in grammar classes. True, some nouns are gerunds and some are not, but, for all practical purposes this makes no difference whatsoever to English grammar usage. And we did! "I suggested going to dinner." Why? This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. Then ask the class, If someone came to our country to visit, what should he or she know before arriving?. The Difference between 'a few/few/a little/little', The Difference between "Other" & "Another", clarifying-questions-gerunds-infinitives.docx, The Gender Pay Gap (Advanced Lesson Plan), The Big Five Personality Traits (Upper-Intermediate Lesson), The Big Five Personality Traits (Advanced Lesson Plan), Health & Wellness (Intermediate Lesson Plan), Health & Wellness (Upper-Intermediate Lesson), Exercises: Identifying Fragments and Run-on Sentences (Writing Errors), Speaking Activity: Giving Advice (Guess the Problem), Advice on Writing an Abstract for a Research Paper, The Difference between the Verbs Need and Require (English), Stories for Gerunds and Infinitives (directly below), Briefly explain that in English, often verbs are followed by another action. It may seem easy to broadcast yourself ______________ (play) games on the internet, but the life of a streamer can be difficult. Finding him decided, I avoided entering into argument with him on those points. Once the students are finished, have them form pairs or small groups and review their answers together. Thats OK. 1. (Subject) Olivia loves running around her block. One day, she followed him home from work. In the second sentence, "hiking" is a verb. What do you sometimes forget ___________ (do)? Her mother/suggest/go/to Canada.
paragraph with gerunds