Moreover, armed nonstate actors sometimes take on similar roles to civilian CSOs during crisis response, with mixed implications for state resilience. 2 (May 9, 2015), https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol9/iss2/9. Its called Maid and if you havent seen it, you really must. 10 For more on resilience across multiple disciplines, as well as on measuring resilience, see Patrick Martin-Breen and J. Marty Anderies, Resilience: A Literature Review.. To help you navigate lifes challenges and build resilience, look to the five elements of natureearth, air, fire, water, and spacefor inspiration. Resilience has a moderating role in the relationship between stress and diseases, so it can affect a person's job satisfaction because it enables a person to deal with adverse conditions. Instead, it is her gradual acknowledgement that she has been hurt and the impact this has had on her. When implemented properly, resilient Zero Trust becomes a preventive measure that counteracts human error, malicious actions, and decayed, insecure software. More from Susan Ward: Its not all about Covid catch-up -pupils need to feel safe and listened to. 32 Mai Truong, Vietnams COVID-19 Success Is a Double-Edged Sword for the Communist Party, The Diplomat, August 6, 2020, https://thediplomat.com/2020/08/vietnams-covid-19-success-is-a-double-edged-sword-for-the-communist-party; and Kamal Malhotra, Game-Changers in Viet Nams Successful COVID-19 Response, United Nations, August 30, 2020, https://www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/key-game-changers-viet-nam%E2%80%99s-successful-covid-19-response. Consequently, Zero-Trust Architectures provide better opportunities to detect attacks on a supply chain. 24 Thomas Carothers, Is Democracy the Problem? American Interest, January 16, 2019, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2019/01/16/is-democracy-the-problem. REUTERS/Johanna Geron/File Photo. 4 For example, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which produces a biannual flagship report on states of fragility, in its 2016 report shifted to define fragility as based upon an exposure to risk and a state or systems capacity to manage, absorb, or mitigate those risks. See Wendy MacClinchy and Rachel Scott, Overview: Violence, Fragility, and Finance, in States of Fragility 2016: Understanding Violence (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2016), 22, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/states-of-fragility-2016_9789264267213-en#:~:text=States%20of%20Fragility%202016%20places,should%20be%20done%20about%20it.&text=This%20chapter%20begins%20with%20an,its%20scope%2C%20impact%20and%20cost. Globalization has resulted in supply chains that stretch around the world, creating a complex ecosystem around every organization. This complexity indicates a broader question raised by the policy focus on resilience: for most policymakers, a resilience that benefits only part of the population is not a normatively desirable policy goal. On the other hand, in some cases, institutional memory can undermine a related source of resilience. 30 Mariana Mazzucato, Rainer Kattel, Giulio Quaggiotto, and Milica Begovic, Covid-19 and the Need for Dynamic State Capabilities: An International Comparison, 11. In donors peacebuilding and development policies, high-level emphasis on resilience has also swelled over the past few years, including in official communications from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,4 the United States government,5 and the European Union.6 In some development practitioner and civil society circles, the need for resilience is so frequently invoked that it sometimes borders on clich.7. Further, if lines of authority are unclear or if the subnational levels of government are not adequately resourced, then state responses can suffer under decentralized systems. Nor should it be just an event or presentation. In nonconsolidated political systems, a high level of polarization rooted in exclusive identities or ideologies among the elite is one of the most potent predictors of instability. Stories of Impact: Building Coastal Resilience in India, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, May 15, 2014, https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/stories-impact-building-coastal-resilience-india. https://www.oecd.org/dac/conflict-fragility-resilience/docs/May%2010%202013%20FINAL%20resilience%20PDF.pdf. 1 (January 1, 2013): 1338, https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.738860. 41 Jack A. Goldstone, Robert H. Bates, David L. Epstein, Ted Robert Gurr, Michael B. Lustik, Monty G. Marshall, Jay Ulfelder, and Mark Woodward. 58 Margaret Levi, A State of Trust, in Trust and Governance, ed. When the thoroughfares between the police and the community are paved with trust and community stakeholders are woven into a process that communicates through intergenerational, interdisciplinary, diverse and respectful dialogue, we move towards Ubudehe, the Rwandan practice of collective action and mutual support to solve community problems. WebImplementing a Zero-Trust Architecture requires mapping the digital attack surface. We see this in the costs associated with various accountability programs., such as body and in car camera systems, with hidden costs for data storage, records management and personnel costs to manage same. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00701-w. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30301-6. http://ti-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-Ignored-Pandemic-Behind-COVID-19-the-impact-of-corruption-on-healthcare.pdf. At the same time, the presence of civil society is not automatically a guarantee of resilience. 53 Vanda Felbab-Brown, The Key Trends to Watch This Year on Nonstate Armed Actors, Brookings Institution, January 15, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2021/01/15/the-key-trends-to-watch-this-year-on-nonstate-armed-actors. Resilience of what? This paper presents six Resilience and Sustainability (RST) contribution agreements finalized with contributors between December 2022 and March 2023 The presence of armed nonstate actors can also be linked to greater instability during a shock, in turn lowering resilience. Weighing in on that debate is not the purpose of this paper, which instead adapts a relatively simple definition from City Resilience Framework, Rockefeller Foundation and Arup, November 2015, 4, https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/100RC-City-Resilience-Framework.pdf#:~:text=The%20City%20Resilience%20Framework%20is%20a%20unique%20framework,actions%20and%20programs%20to%20improve%20the%20city%E2%80%99s%20resilience. Officers are again working with the community in positive and proactive activities such as training, planning and preparedness for critical incidents. For all the attention paid to external risks, the ones that exist inside your organization your operational, Expanding into the public sector to do business with federal agencies can be a lucrative play for any, In early March 2023, Santa Clara-based Silicon Valley Bank was the financial institution of choice for the tech. 2 (February 22, 2021): e06349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06349. 3 (March 1, 2021): 135144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30301-6. Resilience has been described as successful adaptation, competence and functioning in the face of stressful experiences (Bonanno, 2012; Egeland et al., 1993) and has been shown to support people living with dementia and their families in response to caring demands (Gaugler et al., 2007).The terms coping and resilience are, at times, The end result is a shared mission what the Rev. From health emergencies that also upend economies to trade disruptions that also pose new multilateral diplomatic dilemmas, the pandemic has generated challenges that seem exceptional in both scale and degree of interconnection. Webnurse to ward leader. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/05/01/can-coronavirus-heal-polarization-pub-81704. Two broad approaches to trust can be identified as underpinning engagements with the concept in this context. One way to achieve this is through providing transparency to the customers about the risks around the critical processes. Looking ahead, the policy refrain of building resilience in fragile and developing states, appealing though it is, should be refined to encompass these thorny realities. Through collaborative efforts such as risk assessment, planning, training, mitigation, and other resilience activitiesthe community can best make aging in place, friendly. Tighter societieslike Malaysia, Pakistan, and Thailandtend to be more responsive to collective action problems, potentially contributing to those countries relatively lower infection rates over the first year of the coronavirus pandemic than they might have had otherwise.66, Controlling corruption is a key precondition for building resilience. 82 U.S. Mindfulness. She slowly accepts help and learns to trust a few precious people who help her see and reflect on what she has experienced. Based on the bestselling memoir by Stephanie Land, it tells of a young mother (and aspiring writer) desperately trying to make ends meet and create a safe space for her daughter amid the chaos of ending a coercive relationship. Multiple studies, whether on climate change mitigation, response to the coronavirus pandemic, or otherwise, have shown no clear relationship between regime type and performance.20 Each system has attributes that could conceivably benefit them: Democracies tend to be more transparent, better able to self-correct, more accountable, and more meritocratic, all of which should lend themselves to better crisis response. A high level of societal trust in government greatly assists a states potential for adaptability and resilience. Matt Kunkel | June 24, 2021. Andrea de Guttry, Marco Gestri, and Gabriella Venturini, (The Hague: T.M.C. We faced challenges head-on and worked through them together, always keeping our shared purpose in mind. Because this process includes identifying all cyber assets, it confers greater oversight and a better understanding of at-risk elements within a supply chain. WARD is changing. By enabling identification, workflows, and above all transparency around the extended ecosystem, such tools can play a massive role in transforming a resilience program, ensuring that the organization can plan for the best but be prepared for the worst of any event. Rather than being the stale academic custodians of bureaucratic regulation control, they have the chance to become the champions of competitive advantage. Trend lines around a series of domestic and multinational governance issues, including climate change, migration, rising geopolitical tensions, and citizen alienation from governing institutions, suggest that complex, interlinked crises will be features of the future. Repeated crisis events allow for governments and other actors to attempt various response strategies and adapt capacities to prepare for another analogous crisis event. Strategy to Prevent Conflict and Promote Stability: Message from the Secretary of State, U.S. Department of State. Though demonstrating the utility of early warning systems is hardbecause it usually involves trying to prove a negativethe West African Network for Peacebuilding has been widely commended for blunting the emergence of conflict across West Africa via its alerts.45 Third, CSOs can bridge divides by bringing communities together to help mediate or reduce conflict, as religious associations have done in Nigeria to reduce intercommunal violence.46 Fourth, in some cases, CSOs can be a channel through which citizens can express their preferences and discontent, both reducing the risk that they resort to more violent means and helping to push authorities to address their grievances. Particularly for donor policies toward fragile and developing countries, framing the goal as bolstering resilience is an important conceptual improvement from previous efforts to attain maximalist goals or build up countries that are mirror-imaged on a Western ideal. They are the key to breaking down silos and building trust and understanding between diverse communities. Decentralized administration is a mixed blessing in enabling resilience. Another area of commonality is the universal desire for safety, security and a basic quality of life as an individual and for our families. Personal Growth. 64 Qing Han, Bang Zheng, Mioara Cristea, Maximilian Agostini, Jocelyn J Blanger, Ben Gtzkow, Jannis Kreienkamp, and N. Pontus Leander, Trust in Government Regarding COVID-19 and Its Associations with Preventive Health Behaviour and Prosocial Behaviour during the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.. Though democratic countries have many attributes that should aid in resiliencesuch as transparency and an ability to course-correctthe coronavirus pandemic has offered numerous examples of democracies that did not leverage these attributes toward better performance. While the conviction might be admirable, there is a terrible danger when we confuse keeping going with being resilient. Find out how to align your risk management processes against NIST requirements for Third-Party Risk Management. Resilience. For example, during the 20142015 Ebola outbreak in Liberia, citizens who expressed low trust in government were much less likely to take precautions against the virus or abide by mandatory social distancing measures.63 Appearances and strategic communication matter: governments that are perceived as well-organized and are clear, fair, and unambiguous in their statements are much more likely to be trusted.64 In addition, effective government communication in times of disaster requires ongoing community engagement, an evolving technical knowledge of the shock, and the ability for states to navigate rapidly changing media landscapes.65 Finally, the related, yet distinct, phenomenon of sociocultural tightness, wherein some societies closely uphold norms that are often heavily influenced by the state, also affects states adaptability and resilience. 52 Vanda Felbab-Brown, Mexican Cartels Are Providing COVID-19 Assistance. Axe Dagger Mace Pistol Scepter Elites who band together and come to an agreement on political order tend to be more invested in maintaining it.38, Consensual, rather than co-opted, cohesion is better for state resilience. All in all, its not a bad message for a Netflix series to leave you with-and theresnot a squid in sight. In closing I will acknowledge that these initiatives are not without challenge, and require significant and ongoing effort. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. In India, after a 1999 cyclone in the state of Odisha killed 10,000 people, the states government engaged in disaster management planning. :An OECD Factsheet, OECD, May 10, 2013, https://www.oecd.org/dac/conflict-fragility-resilience/docs/May%2010%202013%20FINAL%20resilience%20PDF.pdf. Officer Wellness and Safety. In order to respond to exogenous shocks, states need to be both willing and able to take actionyet corruption often erodes both the governments will to act, through perverting incentives, and its ability to act, through draining resources and hollowing out the state. Furthermore, lack of community support can negatively impact police budgets, particularly if the police are viewed by the community as an occupying force rather than guardians and partners. As Judd Devermont notes, some African leaders are pragmatically approaching increased global interest in Africa as an opportunity to expand surveillance on domestic opponents or pursue corrupt kickbacks rather than to promote other goods, such as institutionalizing country-level resilience.79 The fundamental question of whose resilience? returns in the conclusion. How organizations recover from the pandemic has become a matter of competitive advantage., When an organization knows what matters to it, and how it is prepared to protect it, that internal confidence can manifest itself externally as well, Emily explained, First and foremost, it gives not only the internal company, but your customers, a lot more confidence, that you are able to be transparent and articulate that it's not just about data.. This is not to say that increased oversight is bad, I am just using it as a financial cost example. 8 Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart, Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009). Consequently, Zero-Trust Architectures provide better opportunities to detect attacks on a supply chain. This website may not be up to date. I have found that working on positive programs with our youth is an excellent opportunity to bridge the gaps between various segments of communities and law enforcement. Accordingly, the policy community will need to integrate a deeper recognition that when trying to build resilience, specifics matter greatly. 63Robert A. Blair, Benjamin S. Morse, and Lily L. Tsai, Public Health and Public Trust: Survey Evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Liberia, Social Science & Medicine 172 (January 1, 2017): 8997, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.016. Youth programs which include ongoing positive interactions with police officers help build interpersonal and societal trust. Pandemic Consequences: The Acceleration of Confrontational Politics, Just Security, December 17, 2020, https://www.justsecurity.org/73905/pandemic-consequences-the-acceleration-of-confrontational-politics. High-quality political leadership is also deeply consequential: whatever governance-related strengths a country may have, it is often political leadership that determines whether or not these assets are channeled into an effective crisis response. For example, the U.S. Agency for International Development defines it as, the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth. See Resilience, U.S. Agency for International Development, East Africa Regional, accessed April 29, 2022, https://www.usaid.gov/east-africa-regional/resilience. Thank your patience. In the Indian state of Kerala, experience managing two major floods as well as the Nipah virus outbreak in 2018 helped to institutionalize effective emergency management protocols.30 When the coronavirus pandemic emerged, before the state had recorded a single case, fifteen health districts had already set up control rooms for monitoring, and hospitals had been designated to treat infected patients.31. 37 Helena Hermansson, Challenges to Decentralization of Disaster Management in Turkey: The Role of Political-Administrative Context, International Journal of Public Administration 42, no. This is where tools like LogicGate can become a differentiator to an organization. However, while successful in setting a general agenda to address the most pressing issues, such policymaking arrangements can inadvertently cause confusion between central and local authorities with regard to their respective responsibilities, performance monitoring, and resource mobilization.25, In the medium to long term, lessons learned from prior crises can enable states to build technocratic resilienceif the states choose to act on these lessons. Other factors can either augment or undermine resilience, depending upon the specifics of how they manifest in the country. The successful integration of houses of worship, and community groups into our emergency management operations and planning, resulted in enhanced community response and resilience to critical incident providing warming, charging and meal centers. The pandemic has offered the GRC community a once-in-a-generation opportunity to reposition themselves in the eyes of business leaders. 13 Francis Fukuyama, What is Governance?, Center for Global Development Working Paper no. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Several characteristics, such as decentralization, have an ambiguous effect on resilience: they enable a country to withstand some setbacks but leave it more vulnerable in other ways. Pushing forward because you dont know what else to do or are too exhausted, traumatised or depressed to stop is not the same as being resilient. WebThe Resilience Hubs must focus on five key functions during normative (steady-state), disruptive, and recovery conditions which are: Programming In steady-state 8 (July 1, 2014): 11581185, https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013488563; and Poowin Bunyavejchewin, and Ketsarin Sirichuanjun, How Regime Type and Governance Quality Affect Policy Responses to COVID-19: A Preliminary Analysis, Heliyon 7, no. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/1426906_file_Fukuyama_What_Is_Governance.pdf, https://gsdrc.org/document-library/putting-citizens-at-the-centre-linking-states-and-societies-for-responsive-governance, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/219651563298568286/pdf/Rwanda-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic.pdf, https://futureofdevelopment.undp.org/content/fod/en/home/our-products/covid-19-and-the-need-for-dynamic-state-capabilities.html. The remarkable durability of some governmentssuch as the Maduro regime in Venezuela, or the Assad regime in Syriaare cases in point. Technology and Social Media, 4. In Rwanda, long-term investments in technology, for example, provided the government with flexibility in responding to the coronavirus pandemic, from deploying robots for supply deliveries to leveraging mobile phone usage for health updates and cash transfers.17 Smart, long-term investments reduce short-term stress on bureaucracies and offer the spare capacity necessary for responding to unforeseen crises. WebTrust Risk Management Services, Inc. is a Program Administrator managing insurance programs for professional individuals, groups, and associations. 3 (September 28, 2018): 180189, https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i3.1598. This paper surveys the evidence. (Both are within the Coastal West Africa regional category of partners). 18 Rachel Kleinfeld and Elena Barham, Complicit States and the Governing Strategy of Privilege Violence: When Weakness Is Not the Problem, Annual Review of Political Science 21, no. Thank your patience. For example, societal trust improves states resilience through multiple pathways, rendering it an unusually powerful governance factor in strengthening resilience. Through collaborative efforts such as https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/08/11/authoritarian-weaknesses-and-pandemic-pub-82452. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. The increasingly ubiquitous recommendation to bolster resilience is valuable for at least two related reasons. Developing a common mission & vision as a community/society is critical to achieving positive change. The pandemic has presented policymakers with daunting, interlinked, and often unprecedented challenges. On a related but distinct note, when countries face crisis, they often take steps that potentially do augment resilience to shocks but that come at the expense of democratic freedoms, such as heightened surveillance and decreased freedom of association. https://ap9.mercycorps.org/en-gb/research-resources/clash-of-contagions-impact-covid-19-conflict. 6 See Joint Communication on A Strategic Approach to Resilience in the EUs External Action, European Commission, June 7, 2017, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_17_1555. 4 (2012): 869889, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23326923. And this is the real lesson about resilience. This paper provides an integrated perspective across the Trusts of the Fund. WebThe resilience work outlined in Executive Order JBE 2020-19 has been named the Adaptive Governance Initiative because it represents an effort to identify the ways in which WARD: Well and Resilient Doctors was founded in 2017 at Southmead hospital in Bristol but is now operating throughout the deanery in order to provide As the IMFs first ever facility to provide long-term affordable financing, the RST aims to support countries build resilience to structural challengessuch as climate change and pandemicsto help maintain longer-term economic and financial stability, while catalyzing other public and private financing. These can be used to ascertain the customers' service level expectations in a crisis, and therefore help to manage expectations both internally and externally. Survey data taken during the coronavirus pandemic show a strong relationship between higher levels of trust in government and compliance with measures like social distancing, quarantine, and handwashing.62 Conversely, lower levels of trust often correlate with lower rates of compliance. Though individual CSOs vary widely, in many countries with low government capacity, CSOs do enjoy high levels of trust, meaning they can readily serve as an alternative information and service provision structure in the absence of a strong or trustworthy state.47 In addition, a countrys operating environment for civil society also affects CSOs ability to bolster resilience. 42 Mona Yacoubian, As Lebanon Melts Down, Can It Avert Total Collapse?, United States Institute of Peace, March 11, 2021, https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/03/lebanon-melts-down-can-it-avert-total-collapse. 57 Rachel Kleinfeld and Ashley Quarcoo, Can the Coronavirus Heal Polarization?, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 1, 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/05/01/can-coronavirus-heal-polarization-pub-81704. Here again, the relationship between democracy and resilience is not simple: specifics matter. 43 On inclusive politics, Charles T. Call discusses political inclusion as encompassing power sharing agreements and also other process-related and contextual factors.Charles T. Call, Why Peace Fails: The Causes and Prevention of Civil War Recurrence (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2012). Trust Resilience and COVID-19 Surge Plan. September 15, 2020 04:10 PM. 14 Nicholas Benequista, Putting Citizens at the Centre: Linking States and Societies for Responsive Governance, prepared for the DFID Conference on The Politics of Poverty, Elites, Citizens and States, June 2123, 2010, Sunningdale, UK, https://gsdrc.org/document-library/putting-citizens-at-the-centre-linking-states-and-societies-for-responsive-governance. As the route to a new, post-pandemic normal emerges, rhetoric in schools is all about resilience. To promote community policing and trust within the department and community I have facilitated education programs that develop character, empower leadership and improve competence. In Afghanistan, for example, CSOs working on polio eradication pivoted to containing COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic, providing remote provinces with health services in the absence of robust government infrastructure.44 Second, CSOs can provide early warning by monitoring local developments and alerting authorities to security, environmental, or societal risks before they escalate. 51 Niranjan Sahoo, Mounting Majoritarianism and Political Polarization in India, in Political Polarization in South and Southeast Asia: Old Divisions, New Dangers, ed. This is well illustrated by Lebanons sectarian political contest, which has crippled the states ability to respond to recent compounding shocks, including the pandemic, runaway inflation, the Beirut port explosion, rising internal conflict, and migration.42 More broadly, in countries emerging from conflict, evidence suggests the importance of inclusive politics in staving off the return to violenceor of what are termed inclusive-enough coalitions in mitigating fragility.43. Through it all, our trust and resilience were key to our success. S1 (December 2020): E117, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000338; and Karen L. Remmer, Exogenous Shocks and Democratic Accountability: Evidence From the Caribbean.. All of these pillars are interdependent. Conversely, high trust environments/relationships result in greater understanding of diverse perspectives leading to a unified understanding on issues and concerns. 7 (July 2020): 9991003, http://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0961-x. In his first term, current President Adama Barrow intensely pursued agreements with external donors to support economic development and build infrastructure, which will presumably serve his country well in future crisis response; in contrast, his predecessor Yahya Jammehs abuses and kleptocratic misrule led donors to limit partnerships.78 That said, a leaders ability to pursue donor partnerships does not automatically mean quality political leadership, and it thus does not automatically yield resilience for her or (usually) his country. A true risk-financing and sharing partnership, The Trust works to keep insurance premiums affordable by helping its Member-Owners learn and consistently True resilience means knowing when to give up, Have you seen that new Netflix show yet? Jan Philips - Ridgewood Friends Meeting and Ridgewood /Glen Rock Community Relations Board Ridgewood Interfaith Ministry Association, Rev. Copyright 2023 Tes Global Ltd is registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, On a recent episode of LogicGates podcast, GRC & ME, Emily Heath, Chief Trust and Security Officer at DocuSign, shared her insight on how the last year has amplified the need for organizations to be nimble and adapt to what is happening in the world., No longer is it just a business continuity or disaster planning activity, but resilience has become a valuable business process, Emily noted, Resilience is really an organizational responsibility to bounce back as quickly as possible with as little impact on the business., Those who bounce back better, faster, and cheaper are likely to be big winners in the post-pandemic world. Generation 1. 314, January 2013, 347368, https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/1426906_file_Fukuyama_What_Is_Governance.pdf; David Delfs Erbo Anderson and Suthan Krishnarajan, Economic Crisis, Bureaucratic Quality and Democratic Breakdown, Government and Opposition 54, no. Yet this closer look has also revealed several vexing dilemmas that policymakers must face as the focus on resilience gains further steam.
trust resilience ward