Higher dry matter accumulation before heading, longer leaf area duration, higher LAI, and higher photosynthetic capability at the grain filling period are the essentials for achieving higher yield of rice [6, 1215]. Occasional papers, second series, No.4, London, Galton Institute, 1992. Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf ranged from 33.29 to 34.75molCO2m2s1 among the varieties and from 32.25 to 35.25molCO2m2s1 among different planting dates at 2 days after flowering. Fox, R. Kinship and marriage. Related Topics . 34253429, 2007. [7] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. In some countries, such as Pakistan, that figure is closer to 70%. The language is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Child., 1989;64:1036-1041. Slatis, H.M., Reis, R.H. and Hoene, R.E. Social and genetic implications of customary consanguineous marriages among British Pakistanis. This is an open access article distributed under the. March 30, 2023. 265268, 1997. Both hybrids mature in 140 to 145 days during the dry seasons (December to May) [31]. M. A. Regression analysis indicated that birth weight (p<0.05), weaning weight [52][53] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. About 3.4% of animals were 25% or more inbred. 919, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2002. WebA rough estimate shows that close to half of all Muslims in the world are inbred: In Pakistan, 70 percent of all marriages are between first cousins (so-called consanguinity) and in Turkey the amount is between 25-30 percent (Jyllands-Posten, 27/2 2009 More stillbirths among immigrants Tang, G.-L. Zhang, Y.-H. Xiao et al., Physiological and biochemical characteristics in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series of rice hybrid combinations at late growth stages, Rice Science, vol. Use Ask Statista Research Service, COVID-19 deaths worldwide as of March 28, 2023, by country and territory, COVID-19 cases worldwide as of March 28, 2023, by country or territory, Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases, recoveries, and deaths worldwide as of Mar. The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technology of Bangladesh for their financial support (Grant no. According to the BBC, a muslim family in the UK is up to 13 times more likely to have a child with recessive genetic disorders, and account for a third of all children with genetic birth defects. window.mc4wp.listeners.push( Cow-dung was applied @ 10tha1 and chemical fertilizers as urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, and zinc sulphate were applied @ 270-130-120-70-10kgha1, respectively [31]. ), Also spoken in: China, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Vulnerable - "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home)", Definitely endangered "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home", Severely endangered "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves", Critically endangered "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently", Extinct "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s", This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 20:57. Photosynthate accumulation panicle1 decreased at the rate of ca. A staff writer for All Thats Interesting, Marco Margaritoff has also published work at outlets including People, VICE, and Complex, covering everything from film to finance to technology. "Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020." Z. Liang, Photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and its translocation in inter-sub-specific hybrid rice, Acta Agronomica Sinica, vol. JPMA - Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association 11. The grain yield and its attributes of the tested varieties at different planting dates have been shown in Table 3. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. The BRRI hybrid dhan2 is a popular indica hybrid rice variety developed by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in 2008. India South Asia Asia Place . The overall frequency inbreeding in this study was 76% and the coefficient of inbreeding was 0.04151 (Table II). Hum. The study was exclusively focused on extreme inbreeding, which includes relations between first- or second-degree relatives such as siblings, grandparents, aunts, and uncles. S. V. K. Jagadish, P. Q. Craufurd, and T. R. Wheeler, High temperature stress and spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.), Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. [20]. 211, pp. Hereditas, 1989;111:79-83. I. Oh-e, K. Saitoh, and T. Kuroda, Effects of rising temperature on growth, yield and dry-matter production of rice grown in the paddy field, in Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Poster no. Int. Inbreeding is common in the southeast region and more rural states, such as Eastern Kentucky. 2, pp. Chitty, L.S. The effects of inbreeding in Japanese children, New York, Harper and Row, 1965. They are prohibited in certain parts of the world (e.g., North America) because of religious sanctions. New York, Oxford University Press, New york, 1988, pp. To avoid the adverse effect of higher temperature, the hybrid varieties should be transplanted at the onset of the dry season. [63], Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary school in both English and Urdu medium school systems, which has produced millions of second-language Urdu speakers among people whose native language is one of the other languages of Pakistan which in turn has led to the absorption of vocabulary from various regional Pakistani languages,[64] while some Urdu vocabularies has also been assimilated by Pakistan's regional languages. Pakistan faces a high risk of genetic disorders caused by This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A consecutive sample hospital based prospective survey of 5000 Armed Fomes families was carried out in the Department of Paediatnc Surgery at Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from April, 1992 to April, 1993. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown. 33, no. Politicians state we must listen to science on some issues, but avoid it on others. A. Abou Khalifa, Physiological evaluation of some hybrid rice varieties under different sowing dates, Australian Journal of Crop Science, vol. } It reveals that translocation of dry matter from shoot to grain was relatively inefficient for hybrids in delayed planting. (function() { Studied hybrids exhibited 7.5% higher shoot reserve translocation to grain over inbred BRRI dhan45 at all planting dates except 5 February planting and the magnitude of decreasing assimilate remobilization rate to grain was steeper in hybrids and was in the order of Heera2 (60%) > BRRI hybrid dhan2 (41%) > inbred BRRI dhan45 (19%). Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%. According to The Daily Mail, extrapolating the teams findings to the U.K. population as a whole would suggest that an estimated 13,200 U.K. citizens are the result of extreme inbreeding. The inbreeding coefficient for Holsteins is currently around 8 percent, meaning an average calf gets identical copies of 8 percent of its genes from its mother and its father. Slow senescence and stronger photosynthetic capability of flag leaf, higher LAI at grain filling period, and higher postheading-CGR are the prerequisites for higher yield in hybrid rice [2528]. Photosynthetic efficiency of the same genotypes varied markedly during different growth stages [45, 46]. 1. Association between genetic inbreeding and disease mortality According to the World Factbook, Library of Congress, Oxford University, over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others. 112, no. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below. B. Ferrer, Bi-phasic growth patterns in rice, Annals of Botany, vol. Cow-dung was applied 15 days before land preparation. 39, no. 3, pp. The shoot reserve translocation was negatively correlated with the temperature of grain filling period. Its true that many people in the region have committed incest. 70% of Pakistanis are inbred. Also, we're not racists. The prevalence of consanguinity and the degree of inbreeding vary from one population to another depending on ethnicity, religion, culture and geography. 7, pp. As a consequence, yield of hybrid varieties decreased rapidly compared to the inbred under delayed planting. Inbreeding significantly (P<0.01) affected birth and 60 days weight. 10. Relationship between the shoot reserve translocation percentage and average daily temperature from flowering to maturity. [88] The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[89], The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO.[90]. Filled grain (%) declined significantly at delayed planting in the hybrids compared to elite inbred due to increased temperature impaired-inefficient transport of assimilates. D. A. Choudhury, H. Hamid, G. U. Miah, and M. M. Haque, Phenology, growth and yield ability of modern and old rice cultivars of different maturity groups, Bangladesh Agronomy Journal, vol. As an outcome, the hybrid varieties sustained higher LAI after heading to maturity over inbred BRRI dhan45 regardless of planting dates. Z. Yan, Studies on the production and distribution of dry matter in high-yielding populations of hybrid rice, Acta Agronomica Sinica, vol. 3442, 2006. Perinatal mortality in different ethnic groups. 96, no. 70 J. Med. Complete analysis of malformed children (Figure 4) where: R BC = the coefficient of relationship between animals B and C which we want to measure.. S = the Greek symbol meaning add. () = the fraction of an individuals genetic material that is transmitted to its progeny. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table. Current photosynthate accumulation panicle1 (CPA) was computed using the following formula: Collected data were put to analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and the means were compared by the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), using the statistical computer package program MSTAT-C [37]. W.-G. Wu, H.-C. Zhang, Y.-F. Qian et al., Analysis on dry matter production characteristics of super hybrid rice, Rice Science, vol. Health Trends, 1 989;2 1:79-84. S. O. P. B. Samonte, L. T. Wilson, A. M. McClung, and L. Tarpley, Seasonal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate partitioning in 15 diverse rice genotypes, Crop Science, vol. WebPakistan had a population of 213,222,917 according to the final results of the 2017 Census of Pakistan. Business Solutions including all features. In, List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, "Pakistan Population (2022) - CIA Factbook", "TABLE 4 POPULATION BY SINGLE YEAR AGE, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN", "TABLE 1 AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN PROPORTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE", "TABLE 11 POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN", "TABLE 2 URBAN LOCALITIES BY POPULATION SIZE AND THEIR POPULATION BY SEX, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE", "Coverage of Birth and Death Registration 2021", "Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 200607", "Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey", "PAKISTAN SOCIAL AND LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT SURVEY (201112)", "Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 201213", "Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 201718", "Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 201819 National /Provincial (Social Report)", "Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019", "Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 Final Report", "Sindh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 Final Report", "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 201617 Final Report", "Gilgit-Baltistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 201617 Final Report", "Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 201718 Survey Findings Report", "Sindh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 201819 Survey Findings Report", "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 Survey Findings Report", "Balochistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019-20 Survey Findings Report", "Azad Jammu and Kashmir Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 202021 Survey Findings Report", "Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update: Pakistan", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Pakistan Economic Survey 201819 Chapter 10: Education", "Government delivered first new Proof of Registration smartcards to Afghan refugees", "Pakistan to extend stay for Afghans by one more year", "CCI defers approval of census results until elections", "The ambivalent role of Urdu and English in multilingual Pakistan: a Bourdieusian study", "Multilingual Language Practices in Education in Pakistan: The Conflict Between Policy and Practice", "Dec 25, 2017 | Why did the Quaid make Urdu Pakistan's state language? [45][46][47] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others. Weighted mean (Mw) concerning percentage frequency and mean co-efficient of inbreeding have been utilised for wider comparisons. Occasional papers, second series, No.4, London, Gallon Institute, 1992. 1925, 2000 (Chinese). WebToday, 70 percent of all Pakistanis are inbred and in Turkey the amount is between 25-30 percent ( Jyllands-Posten, 27/2 2009 More stillbirths among immigrants ). { 15, 1993, (Chinese with English abstract). Most societies share an incest taboo against marriages between first degree relatives. [22]. T. L. Jeng, T. H. Tseng, C. S. Wang, C. L. Chen, and J. M. Sung, Yield and grain uniformity in contrasting rice genotypes suitable for different growth environments, Field Crops Research, vol. B. Zou et al., Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super hybrid rice, Scientia Agricultura Sinica, vol. forms: { Now you have hordes of inbred, dysgenic 'brits' 30 Apr 2023 16:46:27 It is generally accepted that the founding population size of Homo sapiens was small, with effective population estimates ranging downward from 10,000 to 1,9002,800 and 1,000 to 700 (14).With such limited total numbers and population dispersal caused by a huntergatherer existence, a substantial level of inbreeding Now you have hordes of inbred, dysgenic 'brits' 30 Apr 2023 16:07:50 The studied hybrid varieties synthesized significantly higher amounts of chlorophyll and maintained higher chlorophyll a:b ratio in their flag leaf over inbred BRRI dhan45 (Table 4). 19, pp. 3rd Ed., Philadelphia, W.B. All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments. Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days after flowering is presented in Table 5. Chlorophyll content reflects the intensity of plant photosynthetic capacity and the extent of leaf senescence [24]. [83] Differences with other Punjabi varieties are more pronounced in the morphology and phonology than in the syntax. Below a list showing Pakistan's twenty largest cities as of the 2017 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. It is recommended for cultivation in both dry seasons of Bangladesh. T. R. Sinclair and T. Horie, Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and crop radiation use efficiency: a review, Crop Science, vol. Non-Western immigrants are 300% more likely to fail the intelligence test for entrance into the Danish Army. Dry matter accumulation was steeper in Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 at early planting due to the low temperature induced-longer vegetative duration and efficient source activity. [8] reported that hybrid rice had higher productivity after heading but translocation of assimilates was inefficient (source use efficiency). You only have access to basic statistics. WebThe 2019 population density in Pakistan is 281 people per Km 2 (728 people per mi 2), calculated on a total land area of 770,880 Km2 (297,638 sq. J. M. Yan, H. Q. Zhai, R. X. Zhang, D. M. Jiao, B. S. Chen, and H. S. Zhan, Study on characteristics of photosynthesis and assimilates transportation in heavy ear hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.), Acta Agronomica Sinica, vol. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. of the experimental plots are summarized in Table 1. Then, the five readings were averaged for the plot. Scientists and doctors are no doubt frightened to speak out for fear of being branded racist, but at what cost? This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. The maximum value of LAI gradually decreased in hybrid and inbred varieties with delayed transplanting due to reduction of vegetative phase. The field experiments were conducted with two hybrids (BRRI hybrid dhan2 and Heera2) and one elite inbred (BRRI dhan45) rice varieties at the Experimental Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka (2377N, 9037E and altitude of 9m), and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur (2399N, 9039E and altitude of 8.4m), Bangladesh in dry (Boro) seasons (December to May) of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, respectively. When researchers began building the U.K. Biobank for genetic data in 2006, they set out to study the relationship between peoples DNA and their likelihood of developing certain diseases.
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70 percent of pakistan inbred