TMPRSS2 is a protein in mouse and human cells that SARS-CoV-2 uses as a gateway to infect humans. Med. Patient Rep. Outcomes 6, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00434-1 (2022). Michel, J. et al. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Mutations in spike allow the virus to evade the immune system as well as therapies designed to target it. Ghahremanpour et al. ITTintention to treat. One puff of the respective nasal spray was applied per nostril, 3 times a day (morning, midday, evening). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32546-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32546-z. Mitze, T. & Rode, J. Early-stage spatial disease surveillance of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Germany with crowdsourced data. J. Med. Smell Retraining Therapy. The nasal spray is comprised of xylitol and GSE (Grapefruit Seed extract) which provides antibacterial properties as well as preventing viral adhesion in the nasal passage. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Preliminary results of the current study have been published as preprint15. Topol is also editor-in-chief of Medscape, WebMD's sister site for medical professionals. Subgroups were analysed exploratorily (e.g., subgroups regarding gender, age, symptom severity, etc.). During visits, nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for quantitative PCR measurements, and investigators assessed the patient status in accordance with the WHO clinical progression scale11. About 388 participants were included in the study At the end of the treatment, 48.2% of the patients of the 0.1% azelastine group showed no detection of the ORF 1a/b gene, whereas only 23.1% of patients of the placebo group showed negative PCR results (supplementary Table S4). P eople who receive a Covid booster dose in the UK next month will be among the first in the world to receive Moderna's dual-variant vaccine, which protects against two strains of the virus.But . Nature 602, 676681. The Coronavirus Immunotherapy Consortium identified new candidate drugs based on monoclonal antibodies in work funded by NIAID. 147, 400401. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63465-5 (1996). Various studies have looked at the role of different foods in preventing coronavirus infection severe Covid-19 These include seaweed and grapefruit-based nasal sprays, dark chocolate, tuna. It would be desirable to use a validated, COVID-19 specific questionnaire in future studies, and first attempts for its development are promising32. Ku Z, Xie X, Hinton PR, Liu X, Ye X, Muruato AE, Ng DC, Biswas S, Zou J, Liu Y, Pandya D, Menachery VD, Rahman S, Cao . For pairwise comparisons between treatment groups, Mann Whitney U test was performed, and significance levels were adjusted to p<0.0167 based on the Bonferroni correction. Quantifying the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infectiousness. Article Front. Indeed, the majority of the study subjects carried this variant. identified azelastine as an anti-viral candidate and demonstrated pronounced anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro10. KaplanMeier survival analyses underlined those findings, indicating that mean times of a PCR result to turn negative was 9.96days (95% CI: 9.0210.90) in the 0.1% azelastine group, 10.21days (95% CI: 9.5710.86) in the 0.02% azelastine group and 11.00 (95% CI: 10.0010.77) in the placebo group (Fig. Three-group comparisons were analysed with KruskalWallis test. Approval of the study by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) was given on 3rd February 2021. Vitiello, A., Ferrara, F., Troiano, V. & La Porta, R. COVID-19 vaccines and decreased transmission of SARS-CoV-2. A study led by an expert from The University of Western Australia has found a virus-killing nasal spray could be effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19. By blocking that access, compounds that target TMPRSS2 have the potential to be effective against both current and future variants. Cornell Daily Sun. Duration of culturable SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with covid-19. While PCR results in the placebo group turned negative only on day 11 of treatment, individual patients of the 0.1% azelastine group already showed negative PCR test results from day 2 on. Res. Nasal sprays may be a promising first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future studies will help understanding the impact of azelastine hydrochloride in treating SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. B.R. 48.9% (n=44) of the safety analysis set was male, and the average age was 35.6712.94years. Prevention is the best medicine, and COVID-19 vaccines block most SARS-CoV-2 infections. Science 371, 13791382 (2021). Klussmann, J.P., Grosheva, M., Meiser, P. et al. contributed to the study conceptualisation. Our study showed both strengths and limitations. Postdoctoral Associate- Immunology, T Cells, GVHD, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Postdoctoral Fellows in the VU Department of Biochemistry. Of note, we cannot rule out the possibility that the placebo (nasal spray buffer) contributed to viral clearance. *p=0.005 comparing the decrease of viral load on day 4 in the 0.1% azelastine group (log10 1.901.03) compared to placebo (log10 1.050.70; p=0.005). We would like to thank Prof. G.A. J. performed and supervised sample processing and viral load measurements. Objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of Carragelose nasal and throat spray in reducing the rate, severity, and duration of COVID-19 infections. Yang, L. et al. Pediatr. was responsible for data management activities. The study was termed CARVIN (referring to COVID-19: Azelastine nasal spray Reduces Virus-load In Nasal swabs). Studies into Xlear's antiviral effects on SARS . Pharmacometric modeling of the impact of azelastine nasal spray on SARS-CoV-2 viral load and related symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Article 24 COVID-19 status classified as negative, asymptomatic, mild, or severe. 24 COVID-19 status classified as negative, asymptomatic, mild, or severe. Researchers are developing coronavirus vaccines that will be sprayed up the nose. From hydroxychloroquine and veterinarian doses of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin, questionableand potentially harmfultreatments for COVID-19 have circulated the internet. In a study examining the effect of azelastine nasal spray on upper respiratory infections in children, it was found that the placebo group, receiving hypertonic saline solution (twice daily) also produced a favourable response compared to those receiving no treatment31. The primary endpoint of the CARVIN study was the assessment of virus load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 by determining the presence and amount of viral carriage via PCR. performed the statistical analysis. Emerg. Thus, a nitric oxide nasal spray was shown to reduce the viral load in adult patients with mild COVID-19 infection, and an accelerated SARS-CoV-2 clearance compared to placebo was demonstrated18. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. But the spike protein may mutate to evade immune response. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, its treatment via the nasal route has been studied for a range of drugs17. This could happen by limiting how much virus could replicate early in the skin inside the nose and nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat), saidMkel, who is also CEO of Pandemblock Oy, the company set up to develop the product. The trial protocol and the data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH. Upon treatment, a gradual decline of viral load from baseline (day 1) to day 11 of treatment was observed in all three study groups. All this made her work personal: for the past decade, Moscona, a molecular virologist, had been hunting for compounds that could stop viruses in their tracks, before the pathogens infect even a single cell in a persons body. The preventive application of a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nasal spray showed promising results in an observational survey, indicating that it may reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection rates19. Gottlieb, R. L. et al. Soft mist inhalers are propellant-free devices that are slightly larger than conventional metered dose inhalers. It's a type of antibody that targets the coronavirus' spike protein. For data analysis, negative PCR results were replaced with the Ct value 45 and the cp/mL value 1, respectively. CAS However, a rinsing and diluting effect of the placebo formulation would have led to an underestimation of the effect of the use of the azelastine nasal spray. Researchers supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have developed a nasal spray that has the potential to not only treat COVID-19 but also prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a way that the virus cant mutate to avoid. PubMed Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Head Neck Surg. . Molecular docking and dynamics simulation of FDA approved drugs with the main protease from 2019 novel coronavirus. Comirnaty is also authorized . The reduction in the symptom score was clinically relevant for all three groups. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Marc, A. et al. 1). Overall, the current results are encouraging; however, further studies should be carried out to strengthen the findings, and treatment should be extended to other age and risk groups and cover individuals with different levels of symptom severity. Assignment of the treatment with the investigational medicinal product in the different doses vs. placebo to each treatment number was performed in a centrally conducted, computer-generated 1:1:1 randomization procedure. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Absolute changes in viral copy numbers (log10 cp/mL) from baseline (day 1) over time based on the ORF 1a/b gene (ITT analysis set). ISSN 0028-0836 (print). CAS Both descriptive and exploratory statistics were performed. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to involvement in the study. The most promising compound, N-0385, virtually stopped infection in its tracks. Jean, F. (2022). "CofixRX is an antiviral nasal spray that offers up to 8 hours of protection from many cold and flu viruses." [from your CofixRx Nasal Spray product label] "Lasts for up to 8 hours per. Dis. CAS 00:00. The sprays generally require multiple doses per day, whereas a single dose of a nasal vaccine may protect for months, he said. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. Google Scholar. Early intervention with azelastine nasal sprays reduces viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Comirnaty is FDA-approved as a 2-dose series for the prevention of COVID-19 in individuals 12 years of age and older. Bioinformation 16, 236244. Those compounds were tested in human lung and colon cells that were then exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Google Scholar. This same site is shared among many variants of the COVID virus, so it could be effective against future variants as well, researchers note. R.M., S.M.S., S.A. and P.M. designed the study protocol. Dual Defence Nasal Spray is an easy to use nasal spray containing clinically proven Carragelose to help shorten the duration and severity of cold and flu-like symptoms. Associate Professor Peter Friedland, from UWA's Medical School, was lead author of the study In vivo . PubMed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x (2020). Study endpoints were presented by descriptive statistics, aiming to compare the course of viral load between the three treatment groups. Dings, C. et al. Biochem. The independent 25 variable was the nasal carriage of Bacillus species. SRT was originally developed in 2009 by Dr. Thomas Hummel at the University of Dresden. Will there be a COVID winter wave? In an in vitro screening of 1,800 approved drugs by use of a SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirus entry inhibitor model, 15 drugs were identified as active inhibitors, but only seven of these drugs were identified as active against SARS-CoV-2, three of which were anti-histamines: clemastine, trimeprazine and azelastine hydrochloride5. Furthermore, three independent groups predicted interaction of azelastine hydrochloride with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2: main protease (Mpro) or 3C-like cysteine protease (3CLpro)7,8,9. Similarly, when given 2 or 4 hours after SARS-CoV-2 had already infected the epithelium, TriSb92 was linked to a complete lack of the virus's RNA in the lungs. 90 patients were recruited between 09/03/2021 and 28/04/2021, constituting the safety analysis set. Infect. Sci Rep 13, 6839 (2023). Winchester, S., John, S., Jabbar, K. & John, I. Article This way, the virus moves on.. Additionally, 0.02% azelastine nasal spray and 0.1% azelastine nasal spray were formulated by the addition of 0.2mg/mL or 1mg/mL azelastine hydrochloride, respectively. Investigators assessed patients status throughout the trial including safety follow-ups (days 16 and 60). Information on individual variants was obtained through the original laboratory reports, when available. & Ware, J. Patient disposition. Only one of the 20 mice given saline survived. Now, researchers at Swansea University will test it against Covid-19. Quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire as no COVID-19 specific patient-reported outcome measures were available at the time of study. were involved in data management. Postdoctoral fellowship in vascular biology at UT Southwestern, studying the endothelial basis of cardiometabolic disease. Nature (Nature) However, examples of prolonged nasal positivity have also been reported, and many factors are known to have an influence on the individual viral load and clearance27. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Reznikov et al. Pharmacol. 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Comparably, differences in reduction of log10 viral load (cp/mL) in our study were0.63 (ORF 1a/b gene) comparing treatment with 0.1% azelastine to placebo. Of note, the decrease of viral load on day 4 was significantly greater in the 0.1% azelastine group (decrease by log10 1.901.03) compared to placebo (decrease by log10 1.050.70). Boots Dual Defence Nasal Spray is used to dampen the symptoms of cold and flu. Cegolon, L. et al. Viral load and disease severity in COVID-19. Article Rep. 117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00463-7. A Boots nasal spray for cold and flu has shown positive results during testing to see if it could help tackle coronavirus infections. Google Scholar. Symptoms were evaluated on a 5-point scale from 1=symptom absent or present very weakly to 5=symptom present very strongly: anosmia, ageusia, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, coryza, general weakness, headache, aching limb, loss of appetite, pneumonia, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, rash, lymph node swelling, apathy, somnolence. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The data that support the findings of this study are available from URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. J. Correspondence to Nasal defence sprays Products such as Vicks First Defence nasal spray claim to trap and neutralise viruses in the nose before they have a chance to develop and spread. Pharmacol. Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32546-z. 42, 17. While comparison of categorial variables between groups were performed by Chi square testing, continuous variables were compared using ANCOVA with the factors baseline, visit, and treatment group. analyzed 219,000 medical records in a retrospective data base survey study and demonstrated that azelastine showed the highest association between prior usage among these antihistamines and SARS-CoV-2 negative test results in patients above the age of 60 (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.474.02). . A closer look at single symptoms confirmed moderate expression of symptoms (supplementary Figure S1) and the general decrease of symptoms over time (supplementary Figure S2). Anticipating a drop-out rate of 20%, the aim was to randomize 90 patients in total (30 patients per treatment group) to result in 23 patients per treatment group completing the study and being eligible for analysis. Multinomial regression analysis was done to 26 determine the association between nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity after 27 adjusting for age, sex, and co-morbidity status. J.P.K. KaplanMeier survival analyses with log-rank test were performed to display the occurrence of negative PCR test results upon treatment. Ct values reported as negative were replaced with the value 45, and respective cp/mL values with the value 1, and cp/mL values<2116 (ORF 1a/b gene) and cp/mL values<1950 (E gene) were replaced with the value 1. PubMed Central Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. When given in advance, none of the treated mice had SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their lungs, while untreated mice in the comparison group had abundant levels. Thus, it should be kept in mind that treatment started at a time point where the peak of viral load had probably passed. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors among already approved drugs. Klussmann, J. P. et al. Outpatients visiting Corona test centres were informed about the possibility of participating in the trial. The current study was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Cologne University on the 10th of February 2021. Google Scholar. 11, 25262533. The mean bmi of participants was 24.915.27. TriSb92 could effectively tip the balance in favor of the [the person] and thereby help to reducethe risk of severe COVID-19 disease, she said.. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding proof-of-concept study, in which azelastine nasal spray was used in 2 doses: the commercially available concentration of 0.1% and a fivefold lower concentration of 0.02%. 13, 861295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.861295 (2022). IGM-6268. These latch onto ACE2 receptors on human cells, allowing the virus to enter and infect the cells. Med. A final safety follow-up and assessment of the patient status (WHO scale) by phone call was done on day 60 (V9) for all patients. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Location Bonn-Cologne, Kerpener Str. and B.S. Rev. 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