[108] The absence of a distinct nation of Northern Ireland, separate within the island of Ireland, is also pointed out as being a problem with using the term[14][113][114] and is in contrast to England, Scotland, and Wales. [54], During 192022, in what became Northern Ireland, partition was accompanied by violence "in defence or opposition to the new settlement"[21] during the Troubles in Northern Ireland (19201922). In addition, eighteen representatives (Members of Parliament, MPs) are elected to the lower house of the UK parliament from the same constituencies using the first-past-the-post system. [69], The UUP governments, and some UUP-dominated local authorities, discriminated against the Catholic and Irish nationalist minority; especially over gerrymandering of electoral boundaries, the allocation of public housing, public sector employment, and policing, showing "a consistent and irrefutable pattern of deliberate discrimination against Catholics". [31] Its economy has grown significantly since the late 1990s. religion or religion brought up in), at the 2021 census 45.7% of the population came from a Catholic background, 43.5% from a Protestant background, 1.5% from other religious backgrounds, and 5.6% from non-religious backgrounds. What is the main language spoken in your own home? With their decline in official use, there is often confusion surrounding towns and cities which lie near county boundaries, such as Belfast and Lisburn, which are split between counties Down and Antrim (the majorities of both cities, however, are in Antrim). Average daytime maximums in Belfast are 6.5C (43.7F) in January and 17.5C (63.5F) in July. [184], At the time of the 2021 census, approximately 1.1% (compared to 0.9% in 2011) of the population claimed to be able to speak, read, write and understand Ulster-Scots, while 10.4% (compared to 8.1% in 2011) professed to have "some ability".[146][169][177]. Approximately 57.5% of the total electorate voted in support, but only 1% of Catholics voted following a boycott organised by the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). [100][101] The website of the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency also refers to Northern Ireland as being a province[102] as does the website of the Office of Public Sector Information[103] and other agencies within Northern Ireland. The vote went heavily in favour (98.9%) of maintaining the status quo. While the majority of disenfranchised electors were Protestant, Catholics were over-represented since they were poorer and had more adults still living in the family home.[79]. In the early 20th century, the Ulster Volunteer Force - a militia dedicated to blocking Home Rule for Ireland - met on the Shankill. On January 30, 1972, Catholic nationalists in Derry organized a march to protest the British internment policy, but the military was called in to shut it down. [90], While some unionists argue that discrimination was not just due to religious or political bigotry, but also the result of more complex socio-economic, socio-political and geographical factors,[91] its existence, and the manner in which nationalist anger at it was handled, were a major contributing factor to the Troubles. But the Easter Rebels did. Under the terms of the treaty, Northern Ireland would become part of the Free State unless its government opted out by presenting an address to the king, although in practice partition remained in place. Brexit has also activated a historic sense of betrayal on the part of the Northern Irish against Britain. However, there are important differences in law and procedure between Northern Ireland and England and Wales. Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999; Module:Community Relations, Variable:IRISH, Demographics and politics of Northern Ireland, "L219252024 Public Attitudes to Devolution and National Identity in Northern Ireland", "Chapter 7 > A changed Irish nationalism? "Jack Holland: Hope against History: The Course of Conflict in Northern Ireland. [152] At the 2011 census, 48% came from a Protestant background, 45% from a Catholic background, 0.9% from other religious backgrounds, and 5.6% from non-religious backgrounds. The franchise for local government elections included only rate-payers and their spouses, and so excluded over a quarter of the electorate. The Northern Ireland government was criticised heavily for its lack of preparation, and Northern Ireland Prime Minister J. M. Andrews resigned. It would divide Ireland into two self-governing UK territories: the six northeastern counties (Northern Ireland) being ruled from Belfast, and the other twenty-six counties ( Southern Ireland) being ruled from Dublin. The exclusion of the three counties, which had nationalist majorities, ensured a unionist majority in Northern Irelandbut also a large nationalist minority. The border with Ireland is 360 km long. [19] Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed by a significant minority from all backgrounds. [182], Ulster Scots comprises varieties of the Scots language spoken in Northern Ireland. The Ulster GAA is the branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association that is responsible for the nine counties of Ulster, which include the six of Northern Ireland. Breen, R., Devine, P. and Dowds, L. (editors), 1996: Northern Ireland: Constitutional Proposals and the Problem of Identity, by J. R. Archer The Review of Politics, 1978, The Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (No. Access is also available to satellite and cable services. Those who do not belong to any group but lean towards one side often tend to use the language of that group. Its true that most of Ireland was occupied and to varying degrees planted and seized by British landowners and aristocrats over the course of the 17th century. In the context of institutional discrimination, the 18th century saw secret, militant societies develop in Ulster and act on sectarian tensions in violent attacks. A banner on Belfasts Robinson and Cleaver Department Store reads Ulster Welcomes Her King & Queen. Crowds are gathered as King George V arrives to celebrate the opening of the first parliament of Northern Ireland in 1921, and to address the body. Headed by English unionist politician Walter Long, it was known as the 'Long Committee'. Patsy McGarry, Orthodox Christians of all shades now have a significant presence in Ireland. Thats when a loyalist mob started raining rocks down on the protestors. A mural in Belfast. In the Bogside area of Derry barricades were put up and neither the RUC nor British troops were permitted access to the Catholic area. There's been two catholics shot dead in recent weeks. This page is not available in other languages. Irish Sign Language (ISL) has some influence from the French family of sign language, which includes American Sign Language (ASL). The use of the Irish language in Northern Ireland today is politically sensitive. There is also no uniform or guiding way to refer to Northern Ireland amongst the agencies of the UK Government. Both would have a shared Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who would appoint both governments and a Council of Ireland, which the UK government intended to evolve into an all-Ireland parliament. Many Catholics however, generally aspire to a United Ireland or are less certain about how to solve the constitutional question. They are increasingly popular among parents in Northern Ireland. Latest travel advice for holidays this summer Northern Ireland's next easing of restrictions will happen on April 12 but don't expect too many changes", "NI migrant population triples in decade, says study", "Main statistics for Northern Ireland Statistical bulletin Religion", "Census 2021: More from Catholic background in NI than Protestant", "Northern Ireland Census 2011 Key Statistics Summary Report", "Main statistics for Northern Ireland Statistical bulletin National identity", 'Who Wants a United Ireland? Northern Ireland shares both the culture of Ireland and the culture of the United Kingdom. riage was rising in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s. The Republic is an independent nation covering a little more than 80% of the island. [74], In 1965, Northern Ireland's Prime Minister Terence O'Neill met the Taoiseach, Sen Lemass. Religious bigotry had been a feature of life in all of Ireland for centuries, and it remained just as strong by the 1960s. A petrol bomb which was thrown at a police van (left) is pictured burning out in Rossville Street, Derry, Northern Ireland, October 1968. In Northern Ireland, sport is popular and important in the lives of many people. Even 'Got save Ireland' was sung by the revolutionaries during Easter week. Unemployment in Northern Ireland peaked at 17.2% in 1986, but dropped back down to below 10% in the 2010s,[32] similar to the rate of the rest of the UK.[33]. Many people inside and outside Northern Ireland use other names for Northern Ireland, depending on their point of view. According to Stewart Weaver, a professor of history at the University of Rochester, over time both sides developed two very different and incompatible conceptions of what it means to be Irish: One Catholic, republican, and nationalist, and the other Protestant, loyalist, and unionist. [146][169] In another survey, from 1999, 1% of respondents said they spoke it as their main language at home.[177]. LAND AND RESOURCES The total area of Northern Ireland is 14,160 sq km, of which 628 sq km is inland water. [47] Most Ulster unionists wanted the territory of the Ulster government to be reduced to six counties so that it would have a larger Protestant unionist majority, which they believed would guarantee its longevity. The erection by some district councils of bilingual street names in both English and Irish,[179] invariably in predominantly nationalist districts, is resisted by unionists who claim that it creates a "chill factor" and thus harms community relationships. In Derry, the local chapter was known as the Apprentice Boys and they planned a patriotic loyalist parade on August 12 that ran directly past a predominantly Catholic part of town called the Bogside. [30], The economy of Northern Ireland was the most industrialised in Ireland at the time of partition, but soon began to decline, a decline exacerbated by the political and social turmoil of the Troubles. Belfast is the most diverse local government district (7.1%) followed by Mid Ulster (4%) and Lisburn and Castlereagh (3.9%). [150] At the 2011 census, 41.5% of the population identified as Protestant/other Christian, 41% as Roman Catholic, 0.8% as other religions, while 17% identified with no religion or did not state one. Republicans regarded the state forces as combatants in the conflict, pointing to the collusion between the state forces and the loyalist paramilitaries as proof of this. Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom (UK), suffered decades of violence known as the Troubles, a conflict largely between pro-UK Protestants and pro-secession Catholics . In international competitions, the Ireland national rugby union team's recent successes include four Triple Crowns between 2004 and 2009 and Grand Slams in 2009, 2018, and 2023 in the Six Nations Championship. "How much discrimination was there under the unionist regime, 192168?
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which areas of northern ireland are catholic?